Two excellent pieces from The Free Market archives, written by Sheldon Richman:
Source link: http://blog.mises.org/2097/reagan-revisionism/
Reagan Revisionism
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Two excellent pieces from The Free Market archives, written by Sheldon Richman:
Previous post: Why the FCC should die
Next post: The Myths of Reaganomics
{ 23 comments }
I don´t know where Richman gets his numbers, but they are contradicted by the Internet sources I find, for example the Cato Institute and the Urban Institute. Federal spending has never been near 28,7% of GDP after World War II, and decreased from 23% in 1981 to 22% in 1988-89. Looking at only domestic spending it fell from 15% to 13% during Reagan. Richman claims Department of Education budgets were doubled during Reagan yet according to Cato Institute its real (inflation-adjusted) budget fell by 21%.
http://www.urban.org/urlprint.cfm?ID=6388
http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-281.html
Stefan appears to be right -
Here is a link to the Congressional Budget Office Site
http://http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1821&sequence=0
More details are available at
http://http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2005/pdf/hist.pdf
These numbers do not appear to be adjusted for inflation.
Mike D.
Whatever the numbers – whether tax and spending were slightly increased or slightly decreased – Reagan seems to have been very far from the “ultra-liberal” figure portrayed in Europe (where “liberal” means “in favor of limiting government intervention”).
As an “ultra-liberal” (the worst insult in social-democrat-egalitarian Europe), Reagan is -under the myth- supposed to have been responsible for the vast enrichment of the wealthy and a sharp increase in the number of poor Americans (to 40 million, a popular figure under the myth). Like Thatcher (the other “ultra-liberal” myth), he is often cited -even by the mainstream “right”- as the example to be avoided at all costs, a reminder to anyone suggesting laissez-faire of why state intervention is so crucial. Very ironic indeed!
On the numbers, please note that Richman is using National Income as his benchmark, not GDP. For a primer on the meaning of all these various measures, see this Bureau of Economic Affairs publication.
Ronnie Bonzo Rayguns did more to discredit true conservatism than any other president. He campaigned against big government and continued his rhetoric all the way through his administration, all the while signing huge budget increases and extolling the virtues of a free market. Recall that it was only after the election that he assured the faithful that when he spoke of spending cuts, he wasn’t actually intending to cut spending, but only the increase in spending that Carter would have made.
He was also a murderer, cold bloodedly killing (among others) the infant child of Qadafi in his symbolic bombing of Tripoli.
His heroes were Lincoln and Roosevelt. Fortunately for us, he was never able to cause the level of death and mayhem his heroes caused, but I believe that was only due to his being limited to two terms in office. When he entered office, there was a strong sentiment in the US against militarism, as a result of the glorious defeat of leviathan in Vietnam. But Reagan changed all that, rousing the rabble to new heights of belligerence and vastly increasing spending on military hardware. Without the huge increase in weaponry, there would have been no first Gulf War, and the US would never have invaded Iraq.
We have Reagan to thank for all the body bags coming home from Iraq today, and the 10,000 dead Iraqi civilians. And we have Reagan to thank for subverting the movement toward freedom that began with the disillusionment with government brought about by Vietnam and Richard Nixon.
Leave it to the government to make its documents unclear. OMB’s historical tables appear to be presented in constant dollars; see p. 2 for the note on this. Those tables show the Department of Education’s budget growing by about 25 percent in constant (2000) dollars from 1981 to 1989. Unadjusted, the rate of increase was over 60 percent (not double). I’m happy to be corrected if I’m wrong. Thanks.
“Taxes by the end of the Reagan era will be as large a chunk of GNP as when he took office, if not larger: 19.4%, by ultra-conservative estimate of the Reagan Office of Management and Budget. The so-called historic average is 18.3%.”
Does anyone have the percentage of GDP when RR took office? Also, 19.4% was an estimate for 1989 — what was the actual figure that year?
This chart from the CBO illustrates that the GDP-revenue relationship was about the same when Reagan took office as when he left, though the chart also shows that it was variously as low or lower in the Carter and Clinton years as it was in the lowest Reagan year of 1984, and lowest of all right now (due to a
stunning collapse in federal revenue). These data tell me essentially nothing about policy or its economic impact: consider the shocking Bush deficit.
thank you to Mr.Richman, i like reading your articles and other articles on Mises.org and in other online org,s. It has helped me in economics and i am very grateful to know more now than years ago in economics.
As for Mr.Whites diatribes i think in some way are disgraceful as Mr.Reagan is gone now and now in the presence of God. And yes i think the man is a Christian and maybe i am wrong but i will one day find out. Hmm so where what is mr.whites view of ww2? hey my dad was one of the soliders that would have invaded Japan if he had to go into the war. as he was in Korea at the end of ww2 and at least he got there just after ww2 ended.
Mr. Olson would like to know my view of WWII. Well, here goes.
The United States invaded the Phillipines in 1898 and slaughtered thousands of Phillipinos who wanted exactly what the original American colonists wanted from Britain; independence. The US intervened in the war between Japan and China, taking the side of China. Remember the Flying Tigers? Japan attacked a US military base in Hawaii (which the US has also unjustly occupied four decades earlier, and clearly had no justifiable reason for being there) on Dec 7, 1941. The US pretended that the Japanese attack was unprovoked. Of couse it wasn’t since the US had been militarily interfering in the affairs of Asians for several decades, and it’s quite understandable that the Japanese would want the US out of the area. If the Monroe Doctrine is good enough for the US, why isn’t a similar doctrine good enough for Asians?
In retaliation for the Japanese attack on a purely military target, the first US response was the cowardly bombing of civilians in Japan via B25 bombers launched from an aircraft carrier. The US then defeated the Japanese navy at Midway. Had the US had the least bit of honor they would have declared the war over at that point. But no, they continued the asault on Japan, going so far as to destroy virtually every Japanese city and killing many hundreds of thousands of innnocent Japanese civilians, most by immolation.
In terms of the numbers of innocent people killed, WWII is by far the worst example of mass murder by Americans. If present trends continue, as Ronald Reagan clearly hoped they would, America will eventually surpass the Soviets and Chinese Communists in causing more misery than any other regime in history.
In the interest of full disclosure I will report that I e-mailed a budget person at the Department of Education, who sent me constant-dollar figures for the FY 1981 and FY 1989 education department budgets. I figure they are Carter’s and Reagan’s last budgets. Her figures show that, in constant dollars, Reagan’s last budget request was 19 percent higher than Carter’s last request. If we look at actual appropriations, Reagan’s last budget was 15 percent higher than Carter’s last.
Regarding the spending record of Reagan versus other modern presidents there is a comprehensive review in NRO today:
http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/rugy200406101100.asp
Peter,
I think in a more sober period you wouldn’t resort to misappropriated operatics in support of what is basically an acceptable point, viz., that America meddles too much and much too often and has not always been the noble superpower its citizens want it to be. But since we’re on the subject of numbers, the largest I saw you mention was the not-too-well-researched “many hundreds of thousands” in what I guess was a reference to Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
Now I’m not too sure how far back you’re willing to go in Russian or Chinese history in order to make that point true in your favor, but you’d have to stop well before the time that the Evil Americans’ bomb was dropped in WWII. Courtois’ numbers in his little “Black Book” should get you started in the right direction here. Or, if you want a slightly more conservative survey Applebaum’s “The Gulag: A History” or Rummell’s chilling reminders in “Death by Government” might help along the way.
“If present trends continue, as Ronald Reagan clearly hoped they would, America will eventually surpass the Soviets and Chinese Communists in causing more misery than any other regime in history.”
Whoa. Cummon guys, lighten up. Jeez. Of course, since due to my age I don’t have a lot of speech recollection from Ronald’s oratory, I can’t say for sure, but I’m going to go out on a limb and say that he didn’t have quite the ambitions of murder, genocide, mayhem, oppression, slavery, and depredation of a dispersed, impoverished, jealous, and scared people that the Chinese, Germans, or Russians were able to so gloriously obtain and that you attribute to him. If I’m wrong, where’s the beef? Show me textual support and then we can talk.
This is off the subject of the post so I’ll leave it at that but let it suffice to say that if something that outrageous were said about any of the folks associated with and dedicated to this website, they’d be deleted faster than a Lemmer in the Gulag. Have some respect.
Good luck.
See yas!
Mr.White
Please tell me if you were a world leader at the time of ww2 and say sitting in FDR,s seat, what is your solution then for Hitler.? I do believe that Governments can be dangerous, but what is the proper response of gov,s when butchers are on the lose? I do think that the USA was going to be pulled into that war no matter what.
I do hold to the view that we have way to much government here and going to say so, and also contunie to bug my rep or senator to reduce taxes and government.
Mr. Olson,
The thought of being a “world leader” is quite repugnant to me, and ordinarily I would take the mere suggestion that I might be a world leader as an insult. But I understand that you’ve simply raised a hypothetical here, so please be assured that there’s no offense taken.
Hypothetically, I would have ignored Herr Hitler. As has been made abundantly clear by historians without axes to grind, Hitler first wanted to undo the injustices placed on Germany by the Versailles treaty, remove non ethnic Germans from Germany, and then he wanted to do what every other world leader wants to do; increase his sphere of influence, and attempt to insure that Germany was never again threatened by its neighbors. Remember Napoleon? France and Britain declared war on Germany at a time when Hitler had merely undone the Versailles treaty, a treaty that any fair minded person must admit was a gross injustice.
France and Germany pointedly did not declare war on the Soviet Union, even though Stalin was doing the same thing to Poland that Hitler was, and even though it was well known that Stalin had murdered millions of Ukrainian and Russian citizens and had invaded Finland, while Hitler was responsible for a few thousand deaths.
People like to forget that Great Britain had an enormous world empire; an empire created by brute force. They had viciously invaded lands all over the globe, murdering any local inhabitants who put up the slightest resistance to their tyranical rule. France had similar colonial holdings, and was equally brutal in keeping the locals docile. And people also seem to forget how the Soviet Union/Russia got to be so large. They all did it the same way, brutally subjugating other people, killing all that opposed them, and forcing them to accept the way of life of their rulers. What Hitler was attempting to do, as was Tojo, was no different from what all of the “great” European powers had been doing for centuries. For anyone to suggest that it was imperative for the United States to go to war to preserve these viscious regimes lest they be defeated by viscious German or Japanese regimes is absurd
The only possible threat to the United States from Hitler was as a result of Roosevelt’s military aid to Britain. Had the US remained neutral, there is no conceivable way that Germany would have ever threatened the US.
So, in answer to your question, I would have done nothing, unless of course I had done the only truly ethical thing a “world leader” can do, resign.
Just for the record:
whatever Hitler’s “first” intentions were, he did not “remove non ethnic Germans from Germany” but put some 6 million “non ethnic Germans” (as well as a few “ethnic Germans”) in gas chambers and concentration camps , where the vast majority -including children, women & elderly people- died.
As a tyrant, I think that puts him in a higher league than most other “colonialists” .
While estimates of Hitler’s concentration camp victims vary widely, all estimates of when virtually all of the victims were victimized place the time after Roosevelt’s alliance with Stalin; an alliance that Reagan wholeheartedly approved of. And as is well known now, and as was well known and documented at the time (except for the New York Times’ curious reporting on the subject by the Pulitzer Prize winning Walter Duranty), Stalin had already murdered many millions of innocent civilians, many by starvation as in the Ukraine, and had in full operation a vast system of concentration camps, far more extensive than anything constructed by the SS. So, unless Roosevelt was able to predict the future, his alliance with Stalin against Hitler was probably not due to what later occured in Hitler’s concentration camps.
As to whether Hitler’s murders were worse than the murders committed by Roosevelt’s allies Britain, France and the Soviet Union, I don’t think a murder victim is any less happy that his murderer is acting on behalf of one government verses another. And as a libertarian who believes in self ownership, I believe there is only one person who can place a value on any particular person’s life; himself.
Peter,
I don’t deny any of this but I think where we differ is that I believe there are degrees in “wrong doing” or atrocities, such that, for example, I would rank from lowest to highest:
- A: steeling person’s A wallet
- B: shooting person B in the head
- C: torturing person C and starving him/her to death
- D: doing the same as C to 1 million (other) people
What you seem to be implying (perhaps rightly so), is that under strict Austrian subjectivism there is no way to rank these actions’ “negative utilities”. Under my own ethics, this is not so, and if there were a contradiction with being an Austrian, so be it.
Mr.White thank you for writing back. I agree with Lawrence. And i am going over to Malaysia in a little over a month, and yes Malay was a part of the British empire. But you should talk with the Lady i know over there and looking to marry, and talk with her mom and dad, they lived thru the time of when the Japanese were the rulers when they caputured the islands back in ww2. they are quite glad the americans came there to drive back the japanese.
as i have said before we, the USA, was going to be pulled into ww2 no matter what. IF Hitler was smart he would have invaded Britian just as soon as he could have after the British troops were pushed out of France. and He commited a big screw up by invading Russia.
I will agree with you Mr.White in that Governments can become very dangerous very quickly if some jerk becomes a head leader. And i do wish the USA government was much smaller. So i am glad that at least we have 3 branches of gov.
Mr. Olson,
I’m sure you’re quite right about how glad your inlaws-to-be are about what the Americans did for them. But I don’t believe that the few good things Americans have done can in any way compensate for or justify the horrendous evil committed by the United States government and its military. Correct me if I’m wrong, but aren’t you justifying the mass murder of innocent Japanese women and children by aerial bombardment by the fact that Americans also drove the Japanese out of areas they conquered? Perhaps a moral argument could be made for punishing the individuals who invaded Malasia, etc. But how does the immolation of hundreds of thousands of Japanese women and children accomplish that?
And, if you’re going to justify war against Japan for their atrocities against other Asians, what do you propose as a just punishment of America for its invasion and mass murder of Phillipinos some 45 years earlier? Surely, if the total destruction of most Japanese cities was justified in 1945, wouldn’t the total destruction of most American cities have been justified in 1900? Was the behavior of the Japanese invaders in 1942 any worse than the American invaders in 1898?
Lawrence,
I agree with your scale of degrees of wrongdoing. And that just further illuminates my point. In the winter of 1941-1942, when Franklin Roosevelt allied himself with Stalin, Stalin had murdered tens of millions, and Hitler had murdered a few thousand.
Even after Hitler was dead, the body count was still heavily in favor of Stalin, even if you accept the most extreme estimates of Hitler’s atrocities. And of course, after Hitler died, Stalin’s killing didn’t stop. He continued to murder ethnic Germans all over eastern Europe. And if Ronald Reagan ever raised an objection, I haven’t read of it.
thank you Mr.White for writing again, I think that Hitler was preceived to be a bigger threat than Stalin at that time. I do have about 80 to 90 books on ww2. I think that war is a terrible thing but sometimes war has to be fought. And i believe that it is going to be that way until the end of the ages, when the Lord Jesus returns. I do believe that sometimes God uses nations to punish other nations just as He did in the old testament. I think in someways we all are held accountable before God when we fail to rescue those who are being destroyed. I am glad that Hitler is gone and Tojo and so forth.
about what happened in the Phils around 1900 i really don,t know enough about it. I should get a book and read up on it. I do think that the USA should be exporting trade to other places and freedom to all people all around the world, how that works i am not sure. i am not saying it was right for the USA to bomb Japanese citizens who were not involved in the war. but what if the japanese have bombed the inocents citizens of the USA? See i know a lady here in town that is from the Philippines and was very young then and had to go with her mom then into hiding up in the mountains of the phils to excape the Japanese and she got malaria then and her father was taken a prisioner of the japanese. what about the book : about Naking called something like, “the rape of Naking”?
I do believe that God excepts us to confront evil. And it will be that way until the end.
When i was over in Malaysia of last year i saw that the young people over there emulated the west culture, and also that here i was watching them at there shopping malls and watching movie videos, from,yes, hollywood.calif. and also listening to rap music. I wanted to gag.
as i have said Governments can become so dangerous and then look to impose what that ruler of that county thinks. But also when it is said we are so free over here, i say what happens if i forget to turn in my income tax forms on April 15 or get a letter from the irs and says to me “guess what we want to see your forms,hehhe.”
Great discussion! I am enjoying reading the varying views on history.
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