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Source link: http://blog.mises.org/10560/marxism-without-polylogism/

Marxism without Polylogism

August 31, 2009 by

Becoming aware of the errors of Marxian polylogism through reading Mises, the reader is shocked at Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s presentation of the core claims of Marxian class theory and his summary conclusion: “I claim that all of them are essentially correct.”

How can we account for Hoppe’s apparent softness toward the Marxist idea, even as Mises is so thoroughly against it? There is an answer here: what Hoppe has done is purge Marxism of its epistemological assumptions and retained its analysis of the material world. This permits us to draw for Marxism many important insights while disregarding the polylogism that has led to so much insidious rhetoric of the past and present. FULL ARTICLE

{ 46 comments }

Artisan August 31, 2009 at 8:19 am

Haven’t read the article yet but I love the graphic illustration – once again, well done.

Barry Loberfeld August 31, 2009 at 8:21 am

From WHAT’S REALLY REACTIONARY?

In the 80s, the women’s corps of the Left’s “Statist ‘intellectuals’” seized the term feminism (like civil rights) to label their own doctrines, which did indeed “deny mind, independence and individuality.” “Feminism,” in the hands of collectivists (who, again, need collectives), was deformed into an ideology that assigns gender the same function that class and race serve in Marxism and Hitlerism, respectively. Very consciously aping the former, these “Second Wave” (AKA “gender” or “difference”) feminists posited sexual identity as the “structure” that “engenders” (a jeu de mots that they evidently found endlessly delightful) all “superstructures.” But the most strikingly reactionary aspect of all this was not the resurgence of sexism per se, but the resurgence of traditional sexism, e.g., the exact same connection of gender to “rationality” and “emotionalism.” The superficially “new” feature — the factor that makes something Leftist (and “revolutionary” and “progressive”) — was that while the old misogynists considered the former a “masculine” virtue and the latter a “feminine” vice, these misandrists valuated the former as a “phallocentric” evil and the latter as a “feminist” good. This polylogism of feminist sexism is one of the many commonalities with Marxist classism and Nazi racism. Too obviously, no one need fear even a trace of androgyny from these apostles of sexual Manichaeism. (The only gender differences these feminists denied were those that could actually be verified by science, a rival — and predictably “androcratic” — authority.)

Giant Joe August 31, 2009 at 9:26 am

What I’ve learned from this is that I can use the exploitation theory by marxists to point out that the very system enforced and designed to protect from exploitation is the one performing exploitation.

Neat.

Brad August 31, 2009 at 10:48 am

The logic it seems to me is everyone values himself higher than other people do. When they are not given what they think they deserve, they assume it must be bias based on an attribute or attributes. And they are right. But it’s usually some other attribute other than the one they THINK it’s based on. Black people think they are prejudged on the color of their skin when it is often times based on being ignorant (in a particular case). Women think they are being unfairly held down because they are a woman when much of the time it’s simply a bad attitude (again in particular cases). Greatly sub-mediocre people who believe themselves to be put upon are put upon indeed, but for reasons other than what they are willing to accept as the cause.

So at every level of society (inter- and intra-), in every association of men, there are people on the “inside” and people on the “outside”. Those on the outside who THINK they ought to be on the inside will curry their anger over the afront, and the incorrect cause they think is keeping them out. When enough people think they are excluded, and find some common anger with others, they will endeavor to use Force to make things “right”. And are nothing more than a collection of odds-n-sods who, if they really spent time analyzing their causes of anger, will find they aren’t as in sync as they think they are within their movement. That’s why as time passes every movement tends to splinter.

And to me that is what history is. The struggle for Power to Force others to recognize sub-mediocre people as not only not inferior but superior, and since they cannot truly express themselves they resort to “you just don’t THINK correctly. If you did you’d see my manifest genius, but you don’t, so I will Force you to abide whether your mind is right or not”. This plan has been used by Kings and Czars and Chairmen and Fuehrers since the dawn of man.

So there is no dialectic, or some notion of advancing through stages, it is simply the endless changeover of the “new boss same as the old boss” because once one group of mediocre thugs gains control they become the new target for the next batch of half-asses. Those who are truly gifted engage in endeavors outside of political thuggery and are the ones who have advanced us in any meaningful way- technology, art, science, etc. And for slightly-above-mediocre grunts such as myself (been a B+ character my whole life, on average) I think the path to prosperity is to recognize intellects manifestly superior to my own and let them do as they will, peacefully – instead of grinding axes about my lot in life and supporting thugs. I will prosper as best I can, left to my own devices. Those less “fortunate” than me, physically or mentally, I will support through actions and behaviors I reserve to myself, my way. Unfortunately we are now at the high point of being in the crossfire of conflicting mediocre thugs and their sub-mediocre populist supporters.

GP August 31, 2009 at 7:01 pm

This was the biggest bunch of non-sense I have read here in a long time. The idea that there is a theory of History as the Marxians argued is about useful as the idea that there is a theory of Humanity, or the Human.
Since history is nothing more than a narative describing past human events it is pre-posterous to believe you can describe the history with out understanding the individuals deciding those events. The Marxian theory of history suffered from the same methodological problems that its economics did- using agregates to undersand politics is a false as it is studying economics.

Fallon August 31, 2009 at 8:43 pm

GP,

I think Mr. Tucker is only writing about Marxian class theory and not Marx’s historical determinism. I do believe that Prof. Hoppe is a big fan of Mises’ Theory and History (http://mises.org/th.asp) and would insist that human values are subjective, changing, and unknowable until an individual acts. Hoppe might say that there cannot be deterministic behavior and hence, no historical forces- never mind historical forces aiming inevitably at particular ends.

Vanmind August 31, 2009 at 8:46 pm

Great stuff, professor Hoppe.

K Ackermann August 31, 2009 at 9:37 pm

Oh, this is truly rich. It’s the state! It’s the state!

Once again, in the pursuit of liberty, narrow rules are established on what is the “correct” way to think.

Here’s the new CEO of AIG demonstrating universal logic. It’s so refreshing to know that libertarians can embrace the universal logic of, say, liberals. And now Marx!

How neat to know that exploitation is not exploitation if the exploited signed up for it. We can just ignore the part about necessity.

Do you know why you MUST help those less fortunate? Because they have to smell your garbage. Because they have to educate your children when you don’t want to. They have to sit on the jury when you commit a crime. They have to pull over to let your ambulance pass when you have a heart attack. They have to pay for the fireman killed while putting out your house fire that happened because you didn’t want to install smoke detectors. They have to pay a higher premium on fire insurance because of your house fire too.

They can’t escape you, and you can’t escape them. Until your footprint is zero, and you do not impact them at all, then you are joined at the hip with them.

You can pay for the security to keep a boot on their necks, or you can chip in for the social safety net that makes all great nations great. Either way, you are going to pay. It is delusional to think otherwise.

I don’t understand why the persistent belief that the state can be done away with. Another state will form just as fast. As noble as the intent of the constitution was, we see it corrupted over time to the point we find ourselves in today. What did that? Was it self-interest by politicians? If so, who served them? Was it the capitalist machine, or was it the people whom they were supposed to serve?

What we are seeing is what happens when the capitalist machine takes hold of the reigns of power. If the government went away tomorrow, the machine would quickly form another one – probably without so many rights spelled out.

K Ackermann August 31, 2009 at 10:21 pm

Brad, I’m not sure if grading yourself is logical. You gave yourself a B+, but how do I know you do not secretly think you are an A-?

Even though I received an A+ in my special education classes, I am not ready to sweep the “sub-mediocre” aside just yet. I have doubts, and that probably makes me… below superb? Sub-excellent? Super-mediocre?

I think the path to prosperity is to recognize intellects manifestly superior to my own and let them do as they will, peacefully…

But you better believe we can annoy those with inferior intellects, right buddy? Like Indians deserve to own land. Really! They are like natives.

I’m with you; I don’t mind giving $2 trillion to the banks because they should not be questioned. I do, however, have a huge problem with the lesser people complaining about turning over their money to them. If they strove to become less lesser, then they could put themselves in a position to stop the transfer of their money to wiser and more noble capitalists.

It’s just that simple, and the logic is air-tight. Solution found. Next problem, please.

Vanmind August 31, 2009 at 10:25 pm

Thanks, K, for the laugh.

Fallon August 31, 2009 at 11:20 pm

K Ackermann,

The state is the chief ‘bootnecker’ by which all sub-bootneckers derive their power. How can you rationalize the necessity of an institution that is itself the basis for privilege and economic slavery?

Hoppe, as a student of Mises and Rothbard, recognizes that businesses are often not capitalist-when they do not need to be. But so are many people in the guise of myriad organizations. It is the state mechanism, with its special self-appointed power to expropriate resources and life, that naturally sets-up a Darwinistic struggle. AIG and the banks have engaged in legal plunder- just like universities, the military, and you-name-the group. It is the state that makes this possible.

Haven’t you ever heard of the ‘one gun in the room’ analogy?

The state is also responsible for “compulsory education” as well. People are forced to pay the government and its schools. Notice I did not use the word “education”.

The basis for a stateless society relies on the general worldiew of the majority. Obviously, if the masses believe as you do- that somehow the state is not the problem, that it is only the corporations- then of course a new state will immediately appear after the current state’s demise.

Hoppe puts the class struggle on stronger footing via the political angle. Those with political power exploit those without. Prof. Ralph Raico echoed similar theoretical terms.

You would do well to modify the target of your condemnation too. It isn’t just corporations that seek largesse and protections from the market. The list includes unions, medical doctors, minority groups and so on. It is the fight for the state that they share in common.

Fallon August 31, 2009 at 11:36 pm

Or was K really being satirical…hmmm

mpolzkill August 31, 2009 at 11:43 pm

On the K. Ackerman Comedy hour: “…they have to educate your children when you don’t want to. They have to sit on the jury when you commit a crime. They have to pull over to let your ambulance pass when you have a heart attack. They have to pay for the fireman killed while putting out your house fire that happened because you didn’t want to install smoke detectors…(Damn, “we” sound like a bunch of totally irresponsible a**h***s.)

DO “they” have to listen to you emote? Or is THAT unpleasantness just for “us”? No, I kid; I got a good laugh out of your fever dream too.

“If the government went away tomorrow, the machine would quickly form another one.”

So, it seems you may have an inkling that it’s the landed elite who formed this government. When they try to start another one you’re going to buy their new scam too?

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 1:30 am

So, it seems you may have an inkling that it’s the landed elite who formed this government. When they try to start another one you’re going to buy their new scam too?

No. I’m the last person buy it. I’m saying there is no way to prevent it. I can’t stand the government, mainly because it has corrupted the actual utility of what it is intended for.

I have no problem with chipping in to fast track things the free market is slow to let emerge. The conundrum is that the utility of authority making decisions is so easily undercut by special interests.

There is a useful roll for authority. That is certainly true in matters of justice, but it is also true in other areas. The space program would be too much for the free market to have agreed upon all at once. It required a central effort to collect and allocate resources and the creation of a plan with large scope.

I don’t even want to get into the value of the space program. Weather satellites alone have vastly improved efficiency and raised the quality of life, and indeed saved lives.

Nearly all the big things that the US can chalk up as a high achievement will find the roots in government, and that includes providing the infrastructure to facilitate commerce.

The problem is, the power the government can bring to bear on a problem is so great, that the desire to control and manipulate the government by those that have the means to do so is insatiable.

Politicians are so conflicted with their mandate of public service and their indebtedness to their sponsors, that they are reduced to lying pimps. Uber-simple solutions that have virtually no bad side effects are ferociously fought against, and have virtually no chance of happening. Things like public campaign financing.

It is inconceivable that a level playing field could ever be allowed. Right now health care is being played out by one side trying to make secret deal of appeasement just for a little relief, and the other side drilling fear and misinformation into the public to maintain a status quo that is surely unsustainable.

It’s all about the large-scale corporatist fleecing of public resources. The largest screamers of Socialist! are the companies that have their hands in our pockets and are using their purchasing power to purchase the government to make sure their interests are enhanced at the expense of everyone else.

Am I wrong?

Even in a perfectly well behaved and “honorable” free market, it is a fallacy that the emergent yield of the market is always efficient. If that were the case, all innovation would come straight from the market before anything else. It would mean coherency would be detected in the signals, and bubbles would never form. It would mean overcapacity would not happen. The free market is nothing more than a drunken sailor bouncing off the walls as he stumbles down the hall. That’s fine, as long as he gets to the end. There is nothing wrong with helping him stand upright – that’s not socialism. It is, however, wrong to kick his legs out from under him and roll him for his wallet, which is exactly what “central planning” is doing these days.

Take a look at the trading volume of SPY today. The volume at 4:10 (after hours) was higher than the volume all day long. It’s an ETF of the S&P500. It’s not like there was some special piece of news about a company, so why couldn’t the dominant volume trade 15 minutes earlier into theoretically more favorable liquidity?

Everything these days takes on the appearance of a puppet show. There is no free market. The decision was made to go into Iraq, and the “free market” was going in with it, as long as you think of the free market as the companies with the no-bid contracts awarded by the government.

Paulson going to congress with the less-than-rosy message that life in America was going to end in a few days unless twice the amount of money that is spent on the military is handed over to him. He even had the drawing on the napkin to prove it. Most of that napkin dealt with his indemnity.

The ratings agencies were not allowed to look at any of the loans backing the instruments that were forbidden from being regulated. Somehow they got AAA ratings.

Am I being paranoid? Am I a jealous outsider? Honest to God, I’m not. I just don’t see how anything is going to improve in this corporatist model. I’m all for capitalism. I want to stuff and mount my largest competitor and his assistant on my wall as a trophy, but I’m not willing to do anything other than make a superior product and advertise it, or die trying. That would put me at a disadvantage if my competitor starts purchasing influence, and it would allow him to downgrade the quality of his product. He would then go on to show an increase in the average wage he pays his workers by laying off the lowest paid ones, because that’s the kind of society we are angling for.

Insane bonuses being handed out for failing because the recipients scream Contract! That’s fine, but nobody for the government (who works for us) is willing to go over the contracts and point out all the places where they broke clause themselves. Surely they must have taken home a pencil, or expensed a hooker, and what’s fair is fair. You want to cry contract, I’ll show you contract, but you are not going to like it. That’s what all the small words are for. It’s so we don’t have to do things that hurt us.

Bush took Friedman and stood him on his head. He said he would get government out of business, but what he really did was open up the government to be used as a tool by business in any way they saw fit. Want less meat inspectors? No problem. Less pollution controls? Let’s call it the Clear Skies Act. It is not fair. Why pay taxes? I want benefit from my taxes, not punishment. I knew Obama was not going to kill business, but I had hoped he would try and level the playing field.

There is no such thing as a power vacuum, but we had checks and balances until we didn’t. It’s a perversion that the 1st amendment is doing us in by equating money donations to free speech. It’s a perversion to consider a corporation a “person”. Corporations cannot go to jail when they do something wrong, but it’s not my car that goes to jail when it runs over some kid. It’s the one behind the wheel that does.

Google the term “Citi fined”, and see what comes up. The only conclusion that can be made is that Citi is a habitual criminal organization with no possible hope of rehabilitation. They are the worse kind of citizen in society. Indeed, the most crime-infested place on earth is Wall Street. They could empty Rikers Island into the place, and class it up.

Whew!

(don’t make me go on… ;-)

Tim September 1, 2009 at 1:46 am

“it comes down to the question of which is more fundamental to the Marxist worldview: its polylogism or its exploitation theory(?)”

To ask the question is to answer it.

With the fall of the Berlin wall, most modern marxists have largely given up on traditional state socialist proposals. Polylogism is and was more important to them.

Toomas September 1, 2009 at 4:17 am

“There is a useful roll for authority. That is certainly true in matters of justice, but it is also true in other areas. The space program would be too much for the free market to have agreed upon all at once. It required a central effort to collect and allocate resources and the creation of a plan with large scope.”

If something is too much for the ‘free market’ to bear at all once, then why is that? It’s because all the individual members decided, for themselves, that the benefits do not outweigh the costs.

Certainly, they could have been short-sighted, lazy and generally dumb – but that’s how people are.

If you place your faith in “a central effort to collect and allocate resources and the creation of a plan with large scope” you best be ready to approve of it’s consequences.

This method of operation has been favored since the pharaohs who also “required a central effort to collect and allocate resources and the creation of a plan with large scope” to build their pyramids and irrigation ditches.

Certainly great works, no doubt about it. How about the cost though? Untold amount of slave labor went into them. Same as today, except now state is using more layers of indirection. You can now pay with money instead of manual labor, but you will pay all the same.

“I don’t even want to get into the value of the space program. Weather satellites alone have vastly improved efficiency and raised the quality of life, and indeed saved lives.”

Uh, so did the irrigation ditches no doubt. Number of lives saved compared to number of slaves killed is not an excuse. The greater good be damned for the lie it is.

“Nearly all the big things that the US can chalk up as a high achievement will find the roots in government, and that includes providing the infrastructure to facilitate commerce.”

Commerce tends to facilitate its own infrastructure… as you’ll see.

“The problem is, the power the government can bring to bear on a problem is so great, that the desire to control and manipulate the government by those that have the means to do so is insatiable.

Politicians are so conflicted with their mandate of public service and their indebtedness to their sponsors, that they are reduced to lying pimps. Uber-simple solutions that have virtually no bad side effects are ferociously fought against, and have virtually no chance of happening. Things like public campaign financing.”

See, that’s commerce facilitating it’s own infrastructure for you. Least effort, most profit.

Do away with state power and it’s no longer the least effort buy more legal slave labor.

And yes, I do think you’re wrong. Greater good and central planning be damned!

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 5:55 am

And yes, I do think you’re wrong. Greater good and central planning be damned!

I’m not implying central planning for society. I’m saying there is utility in the basic idea of pooling together resources under a central authority. It’s sort of the principle behind corporations. I fully support the government granting research and even commissioning research.

If something is too much for the ‘free market’ to bear at all once, then why is that? It’s because all the individual members decided, for themselves, that the benefits do not outweigh the costs.

That is not the only conclusion that can be drawn. Another possible explanation is that not enough resources were under the control of people who knew enough about the feasibility of such a challenging project. Think of the rewards being reaped right now in GIS data, not to mention global communications. I don’t know how much utility was obtained from a pyramid, but I do know there is merit in holding a cell phone to our ear and not a banana.

Commerce tends to facilitate its own infrastructure… as you’ll see.

No doubt, but it didn’t create the interstate highway system, or the railroads. The government did all the risk-taking, and then handed it to industry, because the government should not be conflicted with commerce, nor commerce with the government.

The emergent aspects of the free market have efficiency traits which are maximal when there is total liquidity and symmetric information, but it is based largely on a single factor, and that is price.

Many processes in nature exhibit the same type of groping toward a goal. Minimizing energy is an example of that, but not much interesting happens that way. Some of the best stuff comes from kicking the system, and in fact nature even does that with DNA and mutations.

Energy policy is crippling us on two fronts right now. The government wanting to control energy strategically, and the large corporations wanting to maximize price on a commodity that is very difficult to stubborn through alternatives. There is huge opportunity for the free market to devise alternative energy sources, so why isn’t it? At the macro level, you have a relatively small vested concern able to drown out signals from the masses. That is not a completely accurate way of putting it, but I hope you get my drift.

We cannot control our body temperature directly, but we can still control it to our advantage. We can lose weight by exercising, or even drinking ice water, knowing it will burn calories to heat it up. In the same way, prices can be controlled by restricting supply, and that can benefit the few at the expense of everyone else. Price is no longer a mechanism for efficiency – it is the mechanism used to extract from the system, and that is waste. It will correct itself in time, but depending on the level of control, it may take a long time. I personally think it was the high oil prices that stopped the party and triggered what looks to be the start of a lost decade.

So much effort is put into arbitrage, which is about as zero-sum a game as can be played. Gains in arb come at someone else’s loss. It does not increase efficiency, it exploits. The more symmetric the information is, the less chance for gains through arbitrage. If arb is your business, then to drum up work, you sift through everything you can, or you try and generate asymmetries that hurt others not by adding value, but by increasing inefficiency for one party or another. That pretty much describes the giant banks, and their completely opaque operations. The engines of our free market.

How is the free market going to solve that problem? Collapsing is not a valid answer, though it may be an accurate answer.

The free market is theoretically great, and I’d love to see one someday. Maybe we can warn it of the dangers of it producing parasites under the guise of the free market.

Barry Loberfeld September 1, 2009 at 7:55 am

In contrast to the free-market order it seeks to succeed, Heilbroner acknowledges, the People’s State of Marx

will require [vast] authority over economic activity. The huge productive apparatus of contemporary industrial society … [and t]he nature of the production process itself … will have to be redesigned, if the work experience of socialism is to differ from that of capitalism. And of course the distribution of income must undergo radical change….

All this requires the use of political command…. [I]t requires the curtailment of the central economic freedom of bourgeois society, namely the right of individuals to own, and therefore to withhold if they wish, the means of production, including their own labor. The full preservation of this bourgeois freedom would place the attainment of socialism at the mercy of property owners who could threaten to deny their services to society [i.e., the socialist government] — and again I refer to their labor, not just to material resources — if their terms were not met.

There we have it — forwarding to the socialist future requires only the STOP-REWIND-EJECT of capitalist history, i.e., the “curtailment” of capitalism’s economic and political freedoms. Essentially, socialism will be a resurrection of pre-liberalism and one of its most odious institutions. Recall that socialists have always condemned capitalism for its “wage slavery” — if you don’t work, you don’t eat. And under socialism … what? Everyone will be fed, even if no one chooses to work? What happened to the stupefying insight (known to “every child”) that such a society would collapse? But socialism will not allow any individuals “to withhold if they wish … their own labor,” much less feed them if they do. The real socialist alternative to “wage slavery” is, not the introduction of “substantive rights” to basic necessities, but the reinstitution of outright chattel slavery — with the socialists themselves cracking the whip. There is nothing new (“revolutionary”) here, nor anything that, again, makes much sense by its own alleged framework. How is something a “bourgeois freedom” if it can be exercised by — or denied to — the working class? And what of the conflict between “workers and owners,” which is supposedly directing this entire stage of historical evolution? If now human labor also constitutes “property,” who isn’t a property owner? Even more to the point, if the human body constitutes a “means of production,” who isn’t property himself? So what is socialism to any man but the real “thing that commands him as property,” property that is now owned by the State? And what is the Manifesto‘s call for the “[a]bolition of private property” but a call for the abolition of private everything? Yet again, any attempt to negotiate the Marxian maze runs smack into a wall of totalitarianism, i.e., the maximization of pre-liberal despotism. And with all of this, “progressive” rhetoric clothes — obscures — reactionary policy.

FROM HERE

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 8:12 am

Wow, look you can think about a subject all day (and write all night apparently) and do it intelligently, but if you start off on false premises you may as well not go on the trip.

“I can’t stand the government, mainly because it has corrupted the actual utility of what it is intended for.”

No, and I understand you can’t see this, you’re totally buying it because the government’s doing exactly what they intended it for. It’s doing the only thing it can do. It seems worse to you because it’s doing it better than ever and it’s reaching the inevitable critical stage for society.

It’s hard for me to give up the word “free market” (there’s the “free” part, I’d think that would always exclude Haliburton, silly me), but it looks like Repub corporatists (as opposed to the Democrat party, ALL of them corporatists, or dupes) have forever sullied it. Try this please (a simplified intro to Nock): political power vs. social power. Criminal power vs volunteerist power. Parasitical, divisive power vs productive, cooperative power. The health of a society depends on the balance, there will always be criminality, but the more individuals who depend on the right side of my equations, the healthier society is. The only thing an individual can do is dedicate his life to working for the one side and opposing the other in all it’s usually disguised forms.

It would take all day to try to root out where you go wrong in your essay above, just a couple things:

(Oh how did the world ever get along without the pyramids and the moon landings?!?)

“The government did all the risk-taking [in building highways]”

You make me laugh quite a bit, very sardonic laughter on that one. Just the best example of the terrible consequences that can befall the State when it fails after assuming a “risk”: They took 100% responsibilty for the safety of those in the planes and on the ground on 9/11 when they made it unlawful for passengers or crew to defend themselves in any way. What happens when they fail spectacularly? They make tens of thousands of airport personnel federal employees and get a mandate to start an open ended (eternal…or till China cuts the drunks off) war on a tactic. Bah, government “risk-taking”, you are not a bad guy, but you are lost, lost, lost, and as the old joke goes, “you can’t get there from here.”

Michael A. Clem September 1, 2009 at 9:15 am

I can’t stand the government, mainly because it has corrupted the actual utility of what it is intended for.
This is a common idea, but unfortunately, it has the situation backwards. Government was intended to give some people power over other people, and only over time have people tried to justify government as existing to help its citizens (or more specifically, to protect their rights). Since government wasn’t really created for the purpose of protecting rights, trying shoehorn it into that purpose becomes very problematic.

Do you know why you MUST help those less fortunate? Because they have to smell your garbage. Because they have to educate your children when you don’t want to. They have to sit on the jury when you commit a crime. They have to pull over to let your ambulance pass when you have a heart attack. They have to pay for the fireman killed while putting out your house fire that happened because you didn’t want to install smoke detectors. They have to pay a higher premium on fire insurance because of your house fire too.
And what better way to help the less fortunate is there, than to not force them to pay for costs and responsibilities that they haven’t incurred, and to pay them a price they are willing to accept for providing goods and services that we ask of them? Government isn’t the solution to this problem, it is, in large part, the cause of this problem.
It’s one thing to say that government is a long-standing, traditional institution that will not go away easily or willingly. It is entirely different to say that it is some kind of necessary evil and that we can never be free of it. I’m willing to accept the former statement, but not the latter statement.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 9:43 am

K. Ackerman,

I guess I shouldn’t get discouraged here though about the prospects of more people rejecting the political means, and seeing through the protection racket that is the State. It must be a positive sign for liberty that one such as you is driven to such absurd lengths in defending your God, the State. The State has become tarnished even to you; how could it be so vulnerable to your bete noire, “private interests” (the serpent in the garden! ha ha, but its not a child being successfully tempted, it’s your God!). The fact that it is the market that works and provides for the deluded parasites and world-savers, not the other way around, is gaining more and more ground with the public, forcing you to devise ever more strained rear-guard tactics. It must be out of pure desperation that you falsely assign to your God the main working function of a FREE market: risk taking, with its promise of reward for success and its promise of severe corrections (never aggrandizement!) for failure.

Matt September 1, 2009 at 9:46 am

An important point to make is that, of course, people do not always think logically. Our emotions and personal experiences do play a role in how we perceive the world. But because education in logic is no longer done there is a tendency to mistake point-of-view as evidence for polylogism. Witness Justice Sotomayor’s assertion that as a Hispanic woman from the working class, she has “unique insight.” It’s ridiculous to suggest that she has a different logic because she’s a Hispanic woman with working-class origins, but not that she has different perspectives and biases.

It also bears mentioning that if polylogist theory were true, the very idea of the United States government would either be impossible to conceive or impossible to implement. To paraphrase G.K. Chesterton, if individuality did not exist there would be no collectivism.

Fallon September 1, 2009 at 10:30 am

Matt,
I immediately thought of Sotomayor as well!

Manslaughter not Homicide in the Sotomayor Case?

I have Sotomayor quoted as saying: “I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn’t lived that life.”

Is this statement racist? Should Sotomayor be condemned?

Rather, is this statement an example of a polylogism, meaning that certain classes, races or groups have their own deterministic logic? Major historical proponents are 1) Marxists: class determines ideology and action; 2) Nazis: race determines ideology and race is inherently inferior/superior.

It follows that if there is no universal logic valid for all humans then justice itself has no universality. It would be as if humans are broken down into logical species. It is, further, saying that humans cannot make up their own mind independent of these disparate categorical limitations.

The absurdity of polylogism in the social sphere is represented by Marx and Engels in that they were far from having proletarian backgrounds. The Nazis, in add, were quick to use the scientific discoveries of the inferior races, Jews even, and, in action, went against their own scientism.

Sotomayor does make the distinction between “Latina” and “white”, “woman” and “male”, and “her experiences” vs. (I assume) ‘his experiences’. Fair enough (aside from the contradiction that many Latinas are white etc.). However, Sotomayor then rates separate ability to “reach a better conclusion” based on these categorical differences. But Sotomayor slyly applies a softening agent and says she is only ‘hoping’ that a better conclusion could be reached. In addition, she uses qualifiers such as “wise”, “richness” and “more often than not” in front of her categorical distinctions. It is not clear as to which categories are determined or subordinate to which. Are experiences predominantly determined by being Latina? More importantly, is the understanding accrued via these experiences determined by Latina-ness? An answer in the affirmative by Sotomayor would provide evidence of her polylogist belief. (But would it make her hateful?)

If Sotomayor is engaging in strict polylogism then how could she preside over cases not referring to her categorical definitions? Cats do not know dog justice, so to speak. Albeit, she might be showing her polylogical hand by placing herself, her categorical spot, in a superior position to the white male (cats know cat and dog justice, but dogs do not know cat justice). Of course, this presupposition would be hateful. It is dificult to determine based on the statement by itself.

If one were to take away the qualifiers from Sotomayor’s language then it still would be difficult to charge her with intentional bigotry. Polylogical thinking has recently combined with relativism creating a belief that humans are wired to have separate structures of logic and justices that, oddly enough, are cosmically equal in substance. In other words, a cat cannot decide a dog case -and vice-versa- but the outcomes are equivalent.

It remains unknown what sort of case is being decided. She could be talking about extradition issues with Monaco for all we know. To note, “Latina” and other terms are not defined either. Books have been written on this subject. At any rate, it is unnecessary to know the exact meaning of such categories or any specific case, only that such categories have been established.

The real question is whether or not she is undermining the idea that there is logic valid for all humans regardless of race, class, place, time, culture or other conventions. Does Sotomayor threaten the long established truth that justice may be determined via common understanding?

Maybe polylogism should have a hard and soft distinction. Sotomayor, to her detriment (not political), does engage in soft polylogism because the polylogistic elements of her statement are being qualified and not the other way around. It is this flirtation with polylogism, and not the more reaching charge of bigotry, that should raise enough solid warning flags to keep her out of any job requiring robes.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 12:05 pm

Government isn’t the solution to this problem, it is, in large part, the cause of this problem.

I think I did not articulate my position well. I was merely point out by example that there have been beneficial rolls the government played in a benign way. Again: telecommunications, etc.

What I should say with emphasis, but didn’t because I see it as a given, is that there is no alternative of not having a government. It simply will not happen. It is human nature to organize into groups. Groups will vie for power. Some will say things others like. They will promise things they can’t deliver, and the unwashed masses will eat it up.

It’s not a matter of getting everyone to think in terms of no government. Perfectly rational people who might even have been conditioned to hate the concept of a government will have to be made secure. People who feel as if they are in danger of falling between the cracks will not fade away quietly, especially if they have a family. They will make a hell of a racket if they think they cannot afford to educate their child, or buy medicine for their wife.

It’s not that people look to the government as mother, people will make their own government if forced into it.

Not everyone can be wealthy. It doesn’t work. There needs to exist a potential to get any work done. The wealthy need all those people who fill barstools and church pews, just as they need employment from the wealthy. Not everyone can be an industrious business owner – owners would never get anything done. You don’t build an auto plant to run yourself.

Given that scenario, and the fact that most of the population will be workers, great pains must be taken to ensure this largest segment of the population is stable and secure.

The only countries that have attained the enlightened state of not having a government suffer from things like machete wounds, and distended bellies.

There seems to be a consensus that at least some rudimentary form of government must exist for common defense, resolving disputes, and keeping the peace. This rudimentary government should be paid for by every citizen to assist in the notion that it is impartial.

Given that, is it so difficult to see that it is the best way to facilitate many of the other needs of society? I know a woman who has a child with spina bifida and encephalitis. The young father took one look and split years ago. What is she supposed to do? What about a blind person?

The charity thing is B.S. It reduces people who can’t easily beg to beggars. Something has to be done with these people, and the cheap and dignified way is for everyone to chip in a little and help out. When I say cheap, I mean it removes the uncertainty of harm to society from the actions of a desperate person. It’s unreasonable to expect someone to watch a loved one suffer. They will act.

If you agree there might be a roll to play for a rudimentary government to collect and disburse funds to assist those in need, then we are making progress.

Now what about the rest?

Can I dump my garbage on your lawn? Can I open up an explosives factory next to your house? If so, should safety inspections be required, or do you trust me? Can I dump the sludge in a river? Can I sell your children cigarettes that say right on the pack that they will make them healthy and popular? Can I start a medical school that graduates PhD’s after 1 month of study?

If not a government, what do you call the authority that will work this stuff out?

Some of you are calling me misguided, and maybe I’m stupid, but I can’t envision the absence of an arbiter. I can envision a neutral arbiter, and I can envision a nightmare.

Ever since Reagan and the Bush’s started expanding government to serve one class… that of corporations, I have noticed a social drifting, and a sort of fevered, desperate behavior of the government.

If the free market is the solution, then why are so many large corporations doing so poorly? They have had every benefit extended to them, and they have sought out the cheapest labor, yet they are dropping like flies. Who would have thought GE, and their BBB credit rating, could be had for $14 bucks a share? Nearly all the iconic American companies are teetering, or even gone.

It started before they all became socialist… or reverse socialist, or whatever. That’s fairly new. They are just calling in their markers, and something is making the government respond, even though it’s the worst thing it could do.

It’s not socialism that is going to do us in. It’s zombies, and stasis, and cronyism, and deceit, and corporatism. I’m going by observation, not speculation or theory. Purely empirical here.

Michael A. Clem September 1, 2009 at 12:26 pm

I was merely point out by example that there have been beneficial rolls the government played in a benign way. Again: telecommunications, etc.<
You cannot imagine what would have happened in the telecommunications industry if the government had not intervened. But there are indications. Surely we would not have had decades of the AT&T monopoly without government intervention. Surely we would not have been limited to so few TV channels or high-powered FM radio stations without government intervention. I do not consider these historical results to be benign.
As for the rest, there certainly needs to be charity in society, and there needs to be dispute resolution, but to assert that government is necessary for these things, that they only work through the means of a monopolistic authority, is to make an unwarranted assumption: that people won’t do what is in their best interests unless forced to do so.
It also ignores the contribution that governments create that restrict available progress, charity, and dispute resolution. If a government action precludes the possibility of a reasonable private settlement or action, how is that beneficial to society? If a government forcibly takes some of your income to redistribute it to others, how does that encourage charity, progress, production, thrift, hard work, etc?
In short, it is impossible for government to be a neutral actor or abiter in our society–it is necessarily biased in its functions and necessarily deviates from civil society and voluntary economic exchange.

If the free market is the solution, then why are so many large corporations doing so poorly?
Um, because the corporations aren’t operating in a free market? Maybe that’s because corporations aren’t free market entities in the first place, but it’s also because of the numerous and myriad regulations and rules that prevent free market transactions from occuring, and thus free market solutions aren’t allowed to generate and operate. Not to mention the willingness of corporations to influence governments and try to work those regulations to their favor.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 12:40 pm

It is this flirtation with polylogism, and not the more reaching charge of bigotry, that should raise enough solid warning flags to keep her out of any job requiring robes.

I find that silly. To disqualify someone on a nuance of speech would quickly expose a bias on the part of the disqualifier. They would have to apply the same standard without knowing the intended meaning of the utterance. Anyone who uttered, “I think…” would have to be disqualified.

The use of qualifiers to me indicate a withholding of blanket judgement – just what you would want in a justice. Her Wise Latina comment, without context, looks poor. In the context of addressing a Latina audience, it smacks of boosterism, or if I wanted to be kind, it smacks of pride. I can’t get bigotry from it.

In terms of work ethic, if she only writes 2 opinions from the bench, she will have doubled the output of Clarence Thomas. Parse him, and you will see a few questionable statements.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 12:58 pm

K Ackerman,

I was writing about how your observations are colored by your theories and basic assumptions, and THESE are wildly wrong (probably because of your natural preferences and temperament) when I noticed M. A. Clem had already posted many of my points. I’ll hit a couple others:

“the unwashed masses will eat it up”

From the start you have betrayed the common contempt the bleeding-heart actually has for “the poor”. This would make me laugh too if it weren’t so nauseating. You are concerned that calling charity charity has an ill effect on the beggar: namely being called what they are. You merely wish to change the names by forcibly extracting the charitable funds so that they come to expect charity and not be ashamed of it. Do you think that might have a negative affect? No you reverse common sense, implying the shame will cause more begging! What blows me away is that your line of thinking has been ascendant for decades, but all the problems get worse and worse. Ah yes, it must be because Reagan and the Bush invented the concept of the government first serving the highest classes. What a fantasy world of the mind that’s been created for you! G. Washington and A. Hamilton (among others) invented that around here! Each figure head has his own main group of marks to sell the protection racket to. (You can see Obama still has to sell conservatives on the idea that he will protect them from goat-herders 10 thousand miles away)

When your beloved government got more openly rapacious figure heads YOU probably first began to exhibit a drifting, and a sort of fevered, desperate behavior.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 1:00 pm

Michael, I thoroughly agree the government we have is an overbearing useless monstrosity. Rather than filling the roll that it could fill to make a great country – that of impartial arbiter, it is actively causing grave damage to America.

I have said a million times that a simple, incremental step can go a huge way toward slowing the damage, and that is public campaign finance, with no loopholes.

And yes, regulations are out of hand. They are so bad now, that there are regulations that actually prohibit the regulation of dangerous and opaque derivatives.

Our government is Dr. Strangelove and 1984 together, and I may as well throw in Idiocracy.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 1:16 pm

Michael, I thoroughly agree the government we have is an overbearing useless monstrosity. Rather than filling the roll that it could fill to make a great country – that of impartial arbiter, it is actively causing grave damage to America.

I have said a million times that a simple, incremental step can go a huge way toward slowing the damage, and that is public campaign finance, with no loopholes.

And yes, regulations are out of hand. They are so bad now, that there are regulations that actually prohibit the regulation of dangerous and opaque derivatives.

Our government is Dr. Strangelove and 1984 together, and I may as well throw in Idiocracy.

@mpolzkill, I wasn’t talking about the words charity, and beggar as being the problem. There is a practical difficulty in having to beg while caring for a child with Spina Bifida. Surely you can see that a blind person would be at a disadvantage if he or she were reduced to gathering berries if they didn’t make quota while begging for charity.

I’m saying it’s reasonable to administer an actual, formal, predictable program to help those that are at a disadvantage. Will it be perfect? No; but at least the blind person would know how much money they had to spend. Even they can benefit from a budget. It gets to my security theme.

You can pay a little to make them secure, or you can pay a lot to make you secure. Either way, you are going to pay. The difference is that one of those ways will allow you both to sleep better at night. Security doesn’t always have to come from a gun.

Fallon September 1, 2009 at 1:28 pm

K Ackermann,

Re my Sotomayor comment. I had already established the lack of context and provable bigotry in her quote. So what is your argument?

It was Rush Limbaugh, I could of mentioned, calling Sotomayor a racist. But Rush was only at the head of a chorus.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 1:33 pm

Sorry for the dup.

Does anyone find any irony in this back and forth in a post about polylogism?

It’s not supreme irony, but it is there. I could almost say, “Just kidding,” but I am not.

I have to knock it off shortly. My computer is almost done.

Don’t hate me for this. I understand Libertarian views quite well. I was drawn to them, but there is a hard right component that I can’t embrace. It at least beats democratic and republican. Two entirely useless parties.

I’m just going to keep rolling my own, I guess.

Cheers.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 1:40 pm

@Fallon, I may have jumped the gun, and for that I do apologise. I saw the last part of your comment, and that is what I commented on.

I have a lot of activity going on around me, and I’m lousy at multitasking. I should have taken the time to read your entire post carefully.

P.S. I think Rush is biased.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 1:51 pm

K. Ackermann

“Clarence Thomas”?

After your opening salvo of fire and brimstone, and subsequent retreat to show your “free” market (provided its leashed by sensitive types like yourself) bona fides, you still haven’t found the correct shtick from your bag. “Fallon” credibly suspects YOUR preference on the bench of polylogism. You hit him back with a “Mr. Coke Can” dig…oh wait, who the hell cares about Clarence Thomas around here?

“You can pay a little to make them secure, or you can pay a lot to make you secure. Either way, you are going to pay. The difference is that one of those ways will allow you both to sleep better at night. Security doesn’t always have to come from a gun.”

Bizarre. Your idea of “security” comes from a gun. You can’t see that? And where do you get off saying no one will pay a little to help people out without your sermons and the guns that back up the professional sermonizers in government?

“I’m saying it’s reasonable to administer an actual, formal, predictable program to help those that are at a disadvantage.”

Yes, if only something like that existed! Oh wait it has for decades and is a colossal failure. No, no, they just need even more money, that’s what you give a failed operation, just like in the “free” market.

You are out to lunch, I’ve had my fill. I’d say you should follow my link and watch the great interview that Bob Higgs gives regarding the former widespread prevalence of voluntary care societies but I’m afraid you’d be forever just as baffled as the callers there were.

Michael A. Clem September 1, 2009 at 2:02 pm

I have said a million times that a simple, incremental step can go a huge way toward slowing the damage, and that is public campaign finance, with no loopholes.
I don’t really see how public campaign finance will make any significant change to our government. While it would presumably minimize the influence of special interests, power would simply be peddled in some other form. Assuming the politicians and bureaucrats didn’t bias the system in some way. Furthermore, it won’t change the fundamental nature of the government or how it operates, special interests or not. The only real answer is to not legally give power to some people over other people. Power might still be used illegitimately, but at least people would see them for the crooks and tyrants that they are.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 2:48 pm

K Ackerman’s sophisticated political spectrum (followed by my theory on the source of his daffy world-view):

the left: those enlightened gentlefolk who are the only ones who know how and will take care of the never-ending masses of poor dirty urchins (kindly mother)

the right: garbage producing, children neglecting, crime committing, heart attack suffering (caused by their piggery, no doubt), road hogging, not-caring-about-smoke-detectors-cause-the-poor-will foot-the-bill lunatics who obviously care for no one but themselves (cruel father)

Fallon September 1, 2009 at 2:59 pm

rotfl, mpolzkill!!

Michael A. Clem September 1, 2009 at 3:19 pm

mpolzkill, that’s a little harsh. You must remember that K is transitioning from the liberal viewpoint, and such transitions take time, depending upon how fundamental the original viewpoint was. The smoke detector thing, for example, gets to me. Realizing that people *shouldn’t* have to pay for other people’s costs and responsibilities, and what an extent that covers, is itself a radical transformation. Just recognizing that, for example, fire protection could be privately provided, and thus, people not forced to pay for other people’s fires, is an inconceivable idea without a paradigm shift. This radical shift in thought comes easier to some than to others. At least he’s here and reading, which is more than we can say for some hit-and-run blog posters.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 3:44 pm

M. A. Clem,

I’m sorry, you’re right. I did say earlier that he’s not a bad guy.

But darn-it, he associated us with the “hard-right”. That’s really offensive and I couldn’t help myself. Besides, he seems to be a good-humored guy; got to catch if you’re gonna pitch, right, Acky?

Glad Fallon liked my jape. Thanks, Fallon.

Troy Camplin September 1, 2009 at 9:34 pm

Actually, there is a model of human psychosocial development that goes beyond Marx (who only saw the two), and posits 8 and growing. It’s based on the psychological theory of Claire Graves. It has the benefit of explaining a lot of human behavior, and doesn’t posit that it has anything to do with “class” or exploitation. I personally prefer it. Besides, it fits better with Hayek’s theories, particularly spontaneous orders.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 9:49 pm

I hate when work interferes with blogging. The free market needs to provide robot slaves… for free.

That’s OK, mpolzkill, call me names. My blogging skin is thick. It’s so funny to be called a liberal again. The last time I was booted off DailyKos, I was a right-wing troll.

My politics don’t fit very well within the typical parameters, but I still think they are good politics. I strive to remain free of dogmatic beliefs. It’s a very messy world, and nothing will ever change that. If there is a perfect system, then it is hidden well in Plato’s world. The only absolute I hang my hat on is the speed of light in a vacuum. Next would be mathematics, but even that I give some latitude thanks to Godel.

Complimenting my pragmatism is a finely honed B.S. detector that has been shrill for over 10 years now. Our ability to trick ourselves is boundless, so I point it inwards too.

I’ve been trying to get rid of it, but I still have a bit of an optimistic streak at times. My bleeding heart liberal streak begins and ends at sticking up for the little guy (or gal). I own guns, but I am not in love with them. They are just another tool on my little hobby farm. The grain attracts rats from the river occasionally, and I’m not about to lay down poison with the animals around. Plus, killing them is fun.

I enjoy a good racist joke as much as the next guy, but don’t expect me to persecute any group. Every illegal immigrant I have met was nice as pie, and employed on a farm here in Oregon. I have no problem educating their children, especially since the dropout rate is high around here. By the sound of it, the dropout rate is high everywhere.

I spent time in jail for manufacturing amphetimines before I saw the light, and I can say first hand, 90% of the people in jail should stay there. That’s not persecution, that’s an objective truth. I bought my house with cash after I sold the rights to a piece of software I wrote. I got 2 trips to Australia out of the deal too. It’s not a big house, but it has a still-pristine river in the back. I wanted to submerge some copper tubing in the river for a heat pump, but it’s against the law. The excuse is heat pollution, but I’m sure they just want me on the grid.

Let’s see… I’m not well versed in the history of economics, but I am fairly good at market dynamics, and macro of today. I don’t put on that many trades these days, but I have to tell you, it felt great to make money off a falling Citigroup using derivatives. That was poetic justice.

I know a girl here. All I have to do is take her out to dinner, be polite and make her laugh, and then maybe a movie or dancing, and then I’m her real good friend for the night. As soon as her shoes hit the walls, that phone won’t get answered.

There. Now you know all about me. I’m a lot like everybody else… maybe more handsome ;-)

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 10:32 pm

Well good. I didn’t call you any names though, if you’ll recall. I guess I sort of called you a “bleeding heart”, but that’s not exactly slander.

“so funny to be called a liberal again”

I didn’t but if I had, that’s nothing to pat yourself on the back for, there are many lefties who realize there needs to be a market. No kidding they threw you off a Commie site.

“My bleeding heart liberal streak begins and ends at sticking up for the little guy”

Great, then you don’t support the State’s bribery of voters after all. You know, not having a firm position on anything from hour to hour isn’t what it means to be free of dogmatic beliefs.

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 11:14 pm

You know, not having a firm position on anything from hour to hour isn’t what it means to be free of dogmatic beliefs.

Oh, but it is.

It’s not hour to hour; it’s only when new information in processed through my B.S. detector, and then examined for actual information content that plausably improves my perception of what I believe to be truth.

I am a very big on ‘show me’. Inductive reasoning is what makes mothers think we are dead when we are a half hour late for dinner. They see a traffic accident is backing up traffic, and 10 minutes later, the odds that it was us in the wreck are running 2:1 in their heads. I’m definitely more a deductive reasoning sort of fellow.

It’s one of the reasons God and I are only on friendly terms, and not very close terms. The pay-now, and I’ll pay you back after you die thing sets the ol’ detector warbling. But that’s just me. I still follow most of His rules… whatever they are. It’s not out of fear; it’s just a courtesy that makes me feel good.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 11:21 pm

Goodbye, Acky

K Ackermann September 1, 2009 at 11:24 pm

So let me ask you, mpolzkill, what (or who) should I be reading here? The place is huge.

I’m not a big fan of the font that is used here. I have a touch of dyslexia, and that good for a laugh sometimes.

Those stupid CAPTCHA boxes with the sideways letters are like a cruel joke. If I were OCD too, I’d probably still be stuck on some site from 2004.

mpolzkill September 1, 2009 at 11:38 pm

Yeah, the on-line reading gets to me too. I would read Albert J. Nock’s “Our Enemy The State” again right now if I had some paper and some more time:

http://mises.org/books/Our_Enemy_The_State_Nock.pdf

A different font, actually a scan you can blow up.

I also love reading anything by Bob Higgs. If you get sick of reading, link on my name and watch his awesome interview on my YouTube channel.

Cheers.

K Ackermann September 2, 2009 at 1:13 pm

Thanks for the info. I just watched the first 20 min. I have to do it in pieces… work and all.

So, the first 20 minutes are an exact hashing of all the things that seriously increase my blood pressure. Right down the line, he is exactly correct IMO.

She is bashed as a liberal, but Naomi Kline took one narrow slice of what Mr. Higgs touched on – taking advantage of crisis, and really blew it open in her book Shock Doctrine. The chapters that dealt with the Iraq war demonstrated, in unambiguous terms, a level of corruption and stupidity that was grotesque. She is scoffed at, but nobody as seriously refuted the facts in the book.

Though she didn’t mention it, it demonstrated clearly the problems that can arise when certain things are treated as a for-profit venture. Drawing from a cheap foreign labor pool to help in the reconstruction of Iraq while unemployment there was 68% was clearly a mistake. Chasing the short term gains caused massive longer term losses, and loss of life. The resulting unrest also enabled the contractors to spend every dime before they announced the violence made it impossible to complete their contracts. Betchel only finished 1 of the 53 schools they were contracted to build, and it was declared uninhabitable. They never repaid one dime.

It will be interesting to see if Mr. Higgs speaks about the problem with the big think tanks. Politicians come and go, but the think tanks outlive elections and are stuffed with influential policy wonks suffering from groupthink. The AEI should be declared a terrorist organization, and a drone sent in to bomb it.

Government growth… have you ever heard of the weapons offset trade? It’s where a country agrees to purchase weapons, but the company selling the weapons must purchase some product the country produces, usually in the same amount as the weapons cost. That can be problematic because a weapons manufacturer often knows nothing about selling mangoes. There is help for that.

•American Countertrade Association
•Defense Industry Offset Association
•International Reciprocal Trade Association
•National Association of Trade Exchanges
•Corporate Barter Council
•Investment Recovery Association

There are other trade groups too, and if you look at their member companies, almost all are weapons and weapons systems manufacturers. But those are just the public interface. What they do, for a fee, is put you in touch with the right people in government to make your deal happen, and unload your mangoes.

People in government do that? Yes; one estimate was 40,000 when all the contractors are included, but that seems high to me.

You probably didn’t even know that you are subsidizing a massive vertical arms industry that disrupts other markets by dumping products. Also, the successful use of the weapons products reduces the number of potential consumers.

The teats are not enough: the government is also a willing host to tics and other parasites that have burrowed in thoroughly and poisoned its bloodstream. Our checks and balances have prevented a dictator from taking power, but it has not prevented corruption from diffusing throughout the system.

The odds say that some percentage of politicians want to go to Washington to serve the public good. Empirical evidence says the percentage is small, but they can be identified by their voting record and their sponsors. When you do that, you find the most altruistic politicians are the ones labeled as kooks.

California has sent a steady stream of scum to Washington. The latest fad is female democrats. Jane Harmen, Nanci Pelosi, and Diane Feinstein are all ankles, and ankles are 3 feet below another body part. They are the democratic version of the republican Tom Delays and the Dennis Hasterts. Nothing that comes out of their mouth is truthful information.Just like Donald Rumsfeld, they spew wrongness every single time they open their mouths. They contribute net negative information, and you can actually become dumber by listening to them. Those with impared defenses – small children and generally dumb people – should not be exposed to their voices.

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